Which functional group behaves as a base

Which of the functional groups behaves as an acid. What scientific concept do you need to know in order to solve this problem? Our tutors have indicated that to solve this problem you will need to apply the Functional Groups concept. You can view video lessons to learn Functional Groups. Or if you need more Functional Groups practice, you can also practice Functional Groups practice problems.

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GOB Video Lessons. In its deprotonated states, it can form ionic bonds with other positively charged compounds. This will have several biological consequences that will be explored more when we discuss enzymes. Can you identify all the carboxyl groups on the macromolecules shown above? The amino group consists of a nitrogen atom attached by single bonds to hydrogen atoms.

An organic compound that contains an amino group is called an amine. Like oxygen, nitrogen is also more electronegative than both carbon and hydrogen which results in the amino group displaying some polar character. Amino groups can also act as bases, which means that the nitrogen atom can bond to a third hydrogen atom as shown in the image below.

Once this occurs, the nitrogen atom gains a positive charge and can now participate in ionic bonds. The amine functional group can exist in a deprotonated or protonated state. When protonated the nitrogen atom is bound to three hydrogen atoms and has a positive charge. The deprotonated form of this group is neutral. Attribution: Created Erin Easlon Own work. The oxygen atoms are more electronegative than the phosphorous atom resulting in polar covalent bonds.

Phosphate groups also contain a negative charge and can participate in ionic bonds. Phosphate groups are common in nucleic acids and on phospholipids the term "phospho" referring to the phosphate group on the lipid. Below are images of a nucleotide monophosphate A and a phosphoserine B. Water is a unique substance whose special properties are intimately tied to the processes of life. Water solvates or "wets" the cell and the molecules in it, plays a key role as reactant or product in innumerable number of biochemical reactions, and mediates the interactions between molecules in and out of the cell.

Thus CO2 is not a polar molecule, even though it has polar bonds. In Bis2a, the ubiquitous role of water in nearly all biological processes is easy to overlook by getting caught up in the details of specific processes, proteins, the roles of nucleic acids, and in your excitement for molecular machines it'll happen.

However water plays key roles in all of those processes and we will need to continuously stay aware of the role that water is playing if we are to develop a better functional understanding. Be on the lookout and also pay attention when your instructor points this out. In a liquid state, individual water molecules interact with one another through a network of dynamic hydrogen bonds that are constantly forming and breaking H bonds are relatively weak bonds. By contrast, molecules with more non-polar character such as oils and fats do not interact well with water and separate from it rather than dissolve in it, as we see in salad dressings containing oil and vinegar an acidic water solution.

We will consider the some of the energetic components of these types of reactions in other another chapter. In a liquid state water forms a dynamic network of hydrogen bonds between individual molecules.

Shown are one donor-acceptor pair. Since water is a polar molecule with slightly positive and slightly negative charges, ions and polar molecules can readily dissolve in it.

Therefore, water is referred to as a solvent , a substance capable of dissolving other polar molecules and ionic compounds. The charges associated with these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water, surrounding the particle with water molecules. This is referred to as a sphere of hydration , or a hydration shell and serves to keep the particles separated or dispersed in the water.

When ionic compounds are added to water, the individual ions interact with the polar regions of the water molecules and the ionic bonds are likely disrupted in the process called dissociation. Dissociation occurs when atoms or groups of atoms break off from molecules and form ions. Consider table salt NaCl, or sodium chloride. Module 2: Chemistry of Life. Search for:. Functional Groups Learning Outcomes Identify the attributes of molecules with hydroxyl groups Identify the attributes of molecules with carboxyl groups Identify the attributes of molecules with amino groups Identify the attributes of molecules with phosphate groups Identify the attributes of molecules with methyl groups Identify the attributes of molecules with carbonyl groups Identify the attributes of molecules with sulfhydryl groups.

It can stand in for an infinite variety of molecules. Show Answer Fructose has hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. The hydroxyl groups are circled in red, and the carbonyl group is circled in purple:. Show Answer Leucine has carboxyl, amino, and methyl groups. The carboxyl group is circled in blue, the amnio group is circled in green, and the methyl group is circled in purple. In Summary: Functional Groups The unique properties of carbon make it a central part of biological molecules.

Try It. Did you have an idea for improving this content? Licenses and Attributions. CC licensed content, Original. Characterized by central C and O Bound to 2 organic side groups Double bond to oxygen increases the polarity.